Information about Hepatitis A Vaccine

Hepatitis A Vaccine

What is Hepatitis A?

How can I get Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is found in the stool (bowel movements) of persons infected with the virus.
Hepatitis A is spread from person to person by putting anything in the mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with Hepatitis A (also known as the “fecal-oral” route). Even microscopic contamination can spread the virus.
You can’t get the Hepatitis A virus by sneezing, coughing, hugging or sitting next to an infected person.

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A?

Many infants and young children will have no symptoms.
Symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, tiredness, nausea, vomiting and jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes).
Symptoms are more severe in adults.

How can Hepatitis A be prevented?

A vaccine is available that can prevent Hepatitis A infection if it is given early enough.

Why do I need the shot today?

What are the side effects of the vaccine?

Most people have no side effects.
A few get some pain and redness where they got the shot.
A few get a mild fever and headache in the days after getting the shot.
Rarely, someone may get a more serious allergic reaction to the vaccine such as difficulty breathing, swelling in the mouth or hives.
Seek medical attention if you are having a severe allergic reaction or if side effects last more than 2 days.

Who should NOT get the vaccine?

If you have had Hepatitis A infection before or received 2 shots of the Hepatitis A vaccine.
If you had a severe reaction to the Hepatitis A vaccine or another vaccine in the past.
If you are allergic to neomycin (an antibiotic).
Infants less than 12 months of age.

What happens if I can’t get the Hepatitis A vaccine?

For individuals who cannot get the vaccine, a “shot” called an immune globulin can be given.
Immune globulin is a sterile preparation of antibodies that can lower the risk of infection for about 3 to 5 months.
Speak to your health care provider for more information.

How long will this vaccine protect me against Hepatitis A?

One dose of Hepatitis A vaccine will protect you for at least 1 year.
A second dose in 6 to 12 months will protect you for life. You can see your doctor to get the second dose, which is not provided by Toronto Public Health.

Can I get Hepatitis A more than once?

No. Once you have had Hepatitis A infection you cannot get it again.
If you have already been exposed to Hepatitis A, the vaccine may not prevent you from getting sick.

What can I do to prevent Hepatitis A infection?

Always wash your hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing a diaper and before and after eating or preparing food.
Wash uncooked food thoroughly before use, especially fruits, vegetables and shellfish.
Cook all foods thoroughly.

Where can I find more information?

Last Updated March 2011