Portrait of John Howard Surveying the Harbour, 1835

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Howard commissioned an artist named D’Almaine to paint his portrait while surveying the harbour but he chose to paint the background himself.4 He painted a four-columned portico onto Parliament buildings, that was designed, but never built. Thomas Young, a professional rival of Howard’s, created a lithograph of the same buildings which also included the non-existent portico5.

4 Ibid Pg. 14
5 Eric Arthur. From Front Street to Queen’s Park: The Story of Ontario’s Parliament Buildings.McClelland and Stewart: Toronto, 1979. Pg. 38;

2. Church Street Sewer From Richmond to Shuter Streets
In the 1830s, much of Toronto was covered by small streams, such as Russell Creek, that flowed south to Lake Ontario. The streams were used as sewers and were eventually paved over to contain the smell and to level the city for development. The above image shows a cross-section of a typical gravity-fed sewer Howard installed throughout the city. For maps and information on the course of these forgotten streams, visit lostrivers.ca

A surveyor determines the three-dimensional position of given points, and the angles and distances between them. Defining this data allows the surveyor to create accurate maps of an area, for example, or to determine the location of property lines which is essential to the sale of land3.

3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyingaccessed December 6, 2013.