TransformTO Net Zero Strategy

On December 15, 2021, Toronto’s City Council adopted the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy (The Net Zero Strategy). The Net Zero Strategy triggers new and accelerated implementation actions to drive down community-wide emissions, particularly in the short term, and establishes the trajectory needed to reach net zero by 2040.

The targets and actions presented in the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy were developed through extensive research and consultation across City divisions and agencies, stakeholders and the public.

Review reports and updates on the TransformTO strategy and community engagement.

The City surpassed its GHG emissions reduction target of 30 per cent by 2020, due to an anomaly year during COVID-19 restrictions. The City’s future GHG reduction targets, from 1990 levels, are:

• 45 per cent by 2025
• 65 per cent by 2030
• net zero by 2040.

Meeting the City’s future GHG reduction targets will require rapid action to scale up existing programs, additional authorities for the City to implement effectively, and significant levels of investment and coordination with other levels of government.

The Strategy identifies actions and targets to be achieved by 2030 in key sectors, including buildings, transportation and waste. (More information on the targets is available in the 2030 Goals by Sector tab, below.)

To reach its targets, the City will use its influence to regulate, advocate and facilitate transformation in five key areas:

• Demonstrate carbon accountability locally and globally, by establishing a carbon budget for its own operations and the community as a whole.
• Accelerate a rapid and significant reduction in natural gas use.
• Establish performance targets for existing buildings across Toronto.
• Increase access to low-carbon transportation options, including walking, biking, public transit and electric vehicles.
• Increase local renewable energy to contribute to a resilient, carbon-free grid.

Community-wide emissions have decreased by 41 per cent since 1990, despite a significant growth in population, and while Toronto’s gross domestic product (GDP) continued to rise. Like other major cities globally, the City issues its emissions inventory on a two-year lag cycle, to ensure the best available data.

The primary sources of GHG emissions in Toronto are homes and buildings (56 per cent), mainly from burning natural gas to heat space and water; transportation (35 per cent), mainly from gasoline used in personal vehicles; and waste (9 per cent), mainly from methane released in landfills. For more information, please see the Sector and Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories tab below.

TransformTO Net Zero Strategy Wins Award

On May 2, 2022, the City’s TransformTO Net Zero Strategy won the Environment, Climate and Energy Award at the 9^th annual American Planning Association Awards for Excellence in Sustainability, achieving a nearly perfect score. The award honours a plan or project that addresses current and future needs related to climate change mitigation or adaptation, energy or water efficiency, renewable or alternative energy, green jobs, air quality, green infrastructure, or other efforts related to environment, climate, and energy planning.

In July 2017, Toronto’s TransformTO climate action strategy was unanimously approved by City Council. It includes a set of long-term, low-carbon goals and strategies to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions and improve our health, grow our economy, and improve social equity. The Net Zero Strategy adopted by Council in December 2021 builds on the initial TransformTO Strategy.

On October 2, 2019, City Council voted unanimously to declare a climate emergency and accelerate efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, adopting a stronger emissions reduction target of net zero by 2050 or sooner.

On December 15, 2021, City Council adopted the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, to reduce community-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Toronto to net zero by 2040 – 10 years earlier than initially proposed. The City has developed the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy , which outlines a pathway to achieve net zero emissions community-wide by 2040.

GHG emissions in Toronto were 43 per cent lower in 2020 than in 1990, which means that Toronto exceeded its 2020 GHG reduction target of 30 percent. Learn more about Toronto’s 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.

Achieving the targets set out in TransformTO will require transformational changes in how we live, work, build and commute.

For more background information, please visit Reports & Resources.

The City of Toronto sought input on actions under consideration for the next Action Plan of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, the City of Toronto’s community-wide climate strategy. The Net Zero Strategy has a target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions, community-wide, by 2040. The next Action Plan for the Strategy will cover the period 2026 to 2030, including the interim target of a 65 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 (from the 1990 baseline). The consultation process was open until January 31, 2025. Learn more about the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy Action Plan 2026 - 2030.

To ensure that Toronto is on track to reach net zero by 2040, the following 2030 goals have been established.

Homes & Buildings

• All new homes and buildings will be designed and built to be near zero greenhouse gas emissions
• Greenhouse gas emissions from existing buildings will be cut in half, from 2008 levels

Energy

• 50 per cent of community-wide energy comes from renewable or low-carbon sources
• 25 per cent of commercial and industrial floor area is connected to low carbon thermal energy sources

Transportation

• 30 per cent of registered vehicles in Toronto are electric
• 75 per cent of school/work trips under 5km are walked, biked or by transit

Waste

• 70 per cent residential waste diversion from the City of Toronto’s waste management system
• Identify pathways to more sustainable consumption in City of Toronto operations and in Toronto’s economy

City of Toronto Corporate Goals

• City of Toronto corporate greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 65 per cent over 2008 base year
• All City Agency, Corporation and Division-owned new developments are designed and constructed to applicable Toronto Green Standard Version 4 standard achieving zero carbon emissions, beginning in 2022
• Greenhouse gas emissions from City-owned buildings are reduced by 60 per cent from 2008 levels; by 2040, City-owned buildings reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions
• All City-owned facilities have achieved zero waste
• Generate and utilize 1.5 Million Gigajoules of energy from biogas
• Approximately 107,700 tonnes CO2e per year are reduced through Organics Processing with Renewable Energy and Landfill Gas Utilization
• 50 per cent of the City-owned fleet is transitioned to zero-emissions vehicles
• 50 per cent of the TTC bus fleet is zero-emissions
• Greenhouse gas emissions from food the City of Toronto procures are reduced by 25 per cent

The City created a Climate Advisory Group to provide advice, facilitate ongoing communication and guide the effective and equitable implementation of Toronto’s climate strategy, the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy.

The purposes of the Climate Advisory Group (CAG) are to:

• enable advice and peer review from Toronto’s diverse community to inform community-wide implementation of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy and the Short-term Implementation Plans;
• ensure ongoing two-way information sharing and collaboration between the City and external parties; and
• help mobilize all sectors and communities to move toward our shared goal of a zero carbon, healthy, equitable, prosperous and resilient Toronto.

The CAG has 26 members, both individuals and representatives from organizations, who were selected for a 3-year term to act as advisors, champions and reviewers of the policies, programs and initiatives under development for implementing the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy.

Climate Advisory Group meeting materials will be shared online as available.

Terms of Reference for the Climate Advisory Group

Climate Advisory Group Meetings

Climate Advisory Group Workshop Reports

May 3, 2024 Workshop Report: Net Zero Progress and Accountability

May 31, 2024 Workshop Report: Net Zero Strategy Short-Term Action Plan

Climate Advisory Group Annual Reports

2022 Annual Report

2023 Annual Report

2023 Annual Report Summary

City of Toronto Climate Advisory Group Members

Implementation of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy will be aligned with several existing City plans and strategies that also contribute to greenhouse gas reductions across a number of sectors, including:

Buildings

• Toronto Green Standard (new development, private and city-owned)
• Net Zero Existing Buildings Strategy (existing homes and buildings in Toronto)
• Net Zero Carbon Plan (City-owned facilities)
• Expanding Housing Options in Neighbourhoods

Transportation

• Electric Vehicle Strategy
• Cycling Network Plan
• ActiveTO
• Vision Zero Road Safety Plan
• RapidTO
• Sustainable City of Toronto Fleets Plan
• TTC 5-Year Service Plan 
• TTC Green Bus Program

Waste

• Long Term Waste Management Strategy
• Working Towards a Circular Economy

Natural Systems

• Ravine Strategy
• Strategic Forest Management Plan

Toronto’s 2022 Sector-Based Emissions Inventory (released in 2024)

The City’s Sector-Based Emissions Inventory (SBEI) tracks Toronto’s progress towards its GHG reduction targets and identifies direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from three key sectors: buildings, transportation and waste.

In 2022, Toronto’s community-wide GHG emissions showed a five per cent increase over 2021. The largest percentage of emissions in Toronto are fossil (natural) gas heating in residential buildings (29 per cent of Toronto’s community-wide emissions) and gasoline combustion in passenger vehicles (23 per cent of emissions).

See details and full report.

See dashboard.

Toronto’s 2019 Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory (released in 2023)

Toronto’s first Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory (CBEI) identifies unique opportunities to help reduce Toronto’s carbon footprint within the city and globally. Toronto’s CBEI estimates the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with consumption – emissions associated with producing, transporting, using, and disposing of goods and services consumed by Toronto residents over the course of a year.

About 75 per cent of emissions in the community-wide CBEI are Scope 3 emissions, which are emissions associated with producing everything consumed by households, the largest source of which is food and also includes clothing, furniture, etc.

See details and full report.

Public engagement opportunities for TransformTO will be posted here. For reports on past engagements, please visit the Community Engagement Reports section.

Toronto Residents’ Reference Panel on Inclusive Climate Action

The City is forming a reference panel for residents to shape how Toronto can reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions. Learn more about the Reference Panel on Inclusive Climate Action.

Take Action

Urgent action is needed to address the climate emergency and everyone can play a part. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require big changes in how we live, work, build, travel and more.

Learn what you can do to green your life and access City programs and supports available to help you get started.

Visit Live Green Toronto to find climate action community organizations near you to take action.

Youth Engagement Strategy

As a part of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, the City of Toronto and University of Toronto are co-developing a strategy to support broader youth engagement in climate action with Toronto’s youth leaders and community. The strategy development process will be complete by the end of 2024. For more information, visit the project webpage.

The City of Toronto developed the Local Emissions for Net Zero (LENZ) modelling suite as a decision-making tool to test actions and policies that would help the City reach its net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission target by 2040. LENZ can model net-zero pathways or scenarios and estimate GHG emissions associated with everyday activities in Toronto such as heating and lighting homes, driving cars, and taking buses, among others.

Guided by the modelling results, the City can make informed decisions that are critical to meet its interim GHG emissions reduction targets identified in the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, and offer opportunities for the City to course-correct its actions and ensure alignment with the long-term goal of achieving net zero by 2040. Specifically, the modelling results can be used to inform climate- and energy-related planning discussions, policies, and programs, including determining the feasibility of different sources of energy in Toronto.

See more information about LENZ.

Previous Rounds of Net Zero Modelling

The City completed previous rounds of technical modelling in 2017 (Target: 80 per cent emissions reduction by 2050) and 2021 (Target: Net Zero emission by 2040). For additional background information on those processes, please visit TransformTO Reports & Resources.

The Climate Action and Resiliency Research Fund (CARRF) is a City initiative to support strategic research in the areas of climate action and resilience. The Fund will be in place for the next three years (2023-2025) to support small and mid-sized research and program development projects that support the implementation of TransformTO and related climate and resilience initiatives. This program is building and strengthening relationships between the City of Toronto and academic experts, creating new student learning opportunities and advancing the City’s CivicLabTO agenda.

For more information on the CARRF, including ongoing funding opportunities, please visit the CivicLabTO website.