Toronto City Council has adopted an ambitious strategy to reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions in Toronto to net zero by 2040 – 10 years earlier than initially proposed. The City’s 2040 target is one of the most ambitious in North America.
The Net Zero Strategy triggers new and accelerated implementation actions to drive down community-wide emissions, particularly in the short term, and establishes the trajectory needed to reach net zero by 2040.
The targets and actions presented in the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy were developed through extensive research and consultation across City divisions and agencies, stakeholders and the public.
Review reports and updates on the TransformTO strategy and community engagement.
The City surpassed its GHG emissions reduction target of 30 per cent by 2020, due to an anomaly year during COVID-19 restrictions. The City’s future GHG reduction targets, from 1990 levels, are:
Meeting the City’s future GHG reduction targets will require rapid action to scale up existing programs, additional authorities for the City to implement effectively, and significant levels of investment and coordination with other levels of government.
The Strategy identifies actions and targets to be achieved by 2030 in key sectors, including buildings, transportation and waste. (More information on the targets is available in the 2030 Goals by Sector tab, below.)
To reach its targets, the City will use its influence to regulate, advocate and facilitate transformation in five key areas:
Community-wide emissions have decreased by 41 per cent since 1990, despite a significant growth in population, and while Toronto’s gross domestic product (GDP) continued to rise. Like other major cities globally, the City issues its emissions inventory on a two-year lag cycle, to ensure the best available data.
The primary sources of GHG emissions in Toronto are homes and buildings (56 per cent), mainly from burning natural gas to heat space and water; transportation (35 per cent), mainly from gasoline used in personal vehicles; and waste (9 per cent), mainly from methane released in landfills. For more information, please see the Sector and Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories tab below.
On May 2, 2022, the City’s TransformTO Net Zero Strategy won the Environment, Climate and Energy Award at the 9th annual American Planning Association Awards for Excellence in Sustainability, achieving a nearly perfect score. The award honours a plan or project that addresses current and future needs related to climate change mitigation or adaptation, energy or water efficiency, renewable or alternative energy, green jobs, air quality, green infrastructure, or other efforts related to environment, climate, and energy planning.
In July 2017, Toronto’s TransformTO climate action strategy was unanimously approved by City Council. It includes a set of long-term, low-carbon goals and strategies to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions and improve our health, grow our economy, and improve social equity. The Net Zero Strategy adopted by Council in December 2021 builds on the initial TransformTO Strategy.
On October 2, 2019, City Council voted unanimously to declare a climate emergency and accelerate efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, adopting a stronger emissions reduction target of net zero by 2050 or sooner. In response, the City has developed the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, which outlines a pathway to achieve net zero emissions community-wide by 2040.
GHG emissions in Toronto were 43 per cent lower in 2020 than in 1990, which means that Toronto exceeded its 2020 GHG reduction target of 30 percent. Learn more about Toronto’s 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.
Achieving the targets set out in TransformTO will require transformational changes in how we live, work, build and commute.
For more background information, please visit Reports & Resources.
To ensure that Toronto is on track to reach net zero by 2040, the following 2030 goals have been established.
The City created a Climate Advisory Group to provide advice, facilitate ongoing communication and guide the effective and equitable implementation of Toronto’s climate strategy, the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy.
The purposes of the Climate Advisory Group (CAG) are to:
The CAG has 26 members, both individuals and representatives from organizations, who were selected for a 3-year term to act as advisors, champions and reviewers of the policies, programs and initiatives under development for implementing the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy.
Climate Advisory Group meeting materials will be shared online as available.
Terms of Reference for the Climate Advisory Group
May 3, 2024 Workshop Report: Net Zero Progress and Accountability
May 31, 2024 Workshop Report: Net Zero Strategy Short-Term Action Plan
Member | Role | Organization |
---|---|---|
Lyn Adamson (Co-chair) | Co-Founder | ClimateFast |
Andria Babbington | President | Toronto and York Region Labour Council |
Chris Ballard | CEO | Passive House Canada |
Sarah Buchanan | Campaigns Director | Toronto Environmental Alliance (TEA) |
Maggie Chang (Co-Chair) | ||
Maria Constantinou | ||
Kristen Evers | Green Projects Team Leader | Toronto District School Board (TDSB) |
Lidia Ferreira | Community Engagement Specialist | Community Resilience to Extreme Weather (CREW) |
Barnabe Geis | Executive Director | Climate Ventures/Foresight Canada |
Colin Guldimann | ||
Lanrick Bennett, Jr. | Our Greenway | |
Tinashe Kanengoni | ||
Julius Lindsay | Director, Sustainability | David Suzuki Foundation |
Cara-Lynne Wade | Director, Energy Transition Planning | Enbridge Gas Inc. |
Richard Carlson | Director, Energy & Exchange | Pollution Probe |
Joyce McLean | ||
Joseph Ogilvie | ||
Rosemarie Powell | Executive Director | Toronto Community Benefits Network |
Zamani Ra | ||
Jeff Ranson | Director of Responsible Development | Northcrest Developments |
John Robinson | ||
Alienor Rougeot | Co-Founder | Fridays for Future |
David Campbell | Associate Vice President, Policy & Research | Toronto Region Board of Trade |
Marine Sanchez | Passive House Buildings Lead | RDH Building Science |
Jack Zhou | Partner | A&J Energy Consultants |
Implementation of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy will be aligned with several existing City plans and strategies that also contribute to greenhouse gas reductions across a number of sectors, including:
The City’s Sector-Based Emissions Inventory (SBEI) tracks Toronto’s progress towards its GHG reduction targets and identifies direct and indirect GHG emissions from three key sectors: buildings, transportation and waste.
In 2021, Toronto’s community-wide GHG emissions showed a four per cent increase over 2020. The largest percentage of emissions in Toronto are natural gas heating in residential buildings (30 per cent of Toronto’s community-wide emissions) and gasoline combustion in passenger vehicles (24 per cent of emissions).
Toronto’s first Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory (CBEI) identifies unique opportunities to help reduce Toronto’s carbon footprint within the city and globally. Toronto’s CBEI estimates the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with consumption – emissions associated with producing, transporting, using, and disposing of goods and services consumed by Toronto residents over the course of a year.
About 75 per cent of emissions in the community-wide CBEI are Scope 3 emissions, which are emissions associated with producing everything consumed by households, the largest source of which is food and also includes clothing, furniture, etc.
Public engagement opportunities for TransformTO will be posted here. For reports on past engagements, please visit the Community Engagement Reports section.
The City is forming a reference panel for residents to shape how Toronto can reduce community-wide greenhouse gas emissions. Learn how you can participate in the the Reference Panel on Inclusive Climate Action.
Urgent action is needed to address the climate emergency and everyone can play a part. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require big changes in how we live, work, build, travel and more.
Learn what you can do to green your life and access City programs and supports available to help you get started.
Visit Live Green Toronto to find climate action community organizations near you to take action.
As a part of the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, the City of Toronto and University of Toronto are co-developing a strategy to support broader youth engagement in climate action with Toronto’s youth leaders and community. The strategy development process will be complete by the end of 2024. For more information, visit the project webpage.
The City of Toronto developed the Local Emissions for Net Zero (LENZ) modelling suite as a decision-making tool to test actions and policies that would help the City reach its net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission target by 2040. LENZ can model net-zero pathways or scenarios and estimate GHG emissions associated with everyday activities in Toronto such as heating and lighting homes, driving cars, and taking buses, among others.
Guided by the modelling results, the City can make informed decisions that are critical to meet its interim GHG emissions reduction targets identified in the TransformTO Net Zero Strategy, and offer opportunities for the City to course-correct its actions and ensure alignment with the long-term goal of achieving net zero by 2040. Specifically, the modelling results can be used to inform climate- and energy-related planning discussions, policies, and programs, including determining the feasibility of different sources of energy in Toronto.
See more information about LENZ.
The City completed previous rounds of technical modelling in 2017 (Target: 80 per cent emissions reduction by 2050) and 2021 (Target: Net Zero emission by 2040). For additional background information on those processes, please visit TransformTO Reports & Resources.
The Climate Action and Resiliency Research Fund (CARRF) is a City initiative to support strategic research in the areas of climate action and resilience. The Fund will be in place for the next three years (2023-2025) to support small and mid-sized research and program development projects that support the implementation of TransformTO and related climate and resilience initiatives. This program is building and strengthening relationships between the City of Toronto and academic experts, creating new student learning opportunities and advancing the City’s CivicLabTO agenda.
For more information on the CARRF, including ongoing funding opportunities, please visit the CivicLabTO website.
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